The United Kingdom will build new nuclear-powered attack submarines and create an army ready to fight a war in Europe as part of a boost to military spending designed to send a message to Moscow and Washington.

Prime Minister Keir Starmer said Britain “cannot ignore the threat that Russia poses” as he pledged to undertake the most sweeping changes to Britain’s defences since the end of the Cold War more than three decades ago. “We have to recognise the world has changed,” Starmer told the BBC. “With greater instability than there has been for many, many years, and greater threats.”

The government was set to respond on Monday to a strategic defence review commissioned by Starmer and led by George Robertson, a former UK defence secretary and NATO secretary general. It’s the first such review since 2021, and lands in a world transformed by Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, and by the re-election of President Donald Trump last year. The government said it will accept all 62 recommendations, to help the UK confront growing threats on land, air, sea and in cyberspace.