A study by researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay) has analysed the financial burden of floods and cyclones on Indian states, highlighting the long-term economic strain caused by natural disasters. The research, conducted by Nandini Suresh, Prof. Trupti Mishra, and Prof. D. Parthasarathy, examined 25 states over a 24-year period (1995–2018) and is published in the International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction.

India’s geographical location and monsoon climate make it highly vulnerable to natural disasters such as floods and cyclones, particularly in coastal and riverine areas. On average, the country experiences five to six tropical cyclones annually, with two or three classified as severe. These disasters not only cause immediate loss of life and property but also impose a significant financial strain on state governments, which bear much of the cost of disaster response and recovery.